Suitable for adults and young adults. During the American Civil War (18611865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. [62] The battle was the culmination of Robert E. Lee's Maryland Campaign, which aimed to take the war to the North. WebPoolesville Civil War Camps (1861 - 1865), at or near Poolesville Union garrison posts Merrick's fellow judges took up the case and ordered General Porter to appear before them, but Lincoln's Secretary of State Seward prevented the federal marshal from delivering the court order. Fearing that Union forces could cause a jailbreak at Andersonville, a new Union POW camp was established in Florence, South Carolina. He and his comrades had been captured during a bloody battle at Plymouth, North Carolina. Four soldiers and twelve civilians were killed in the riot. [10] Soldiers from Pennsylvania and Massachusetts were transported by rail to Baltimore, where they had to disembark, march through the city, and board another train to continue their journey south to Washington.[11]. The first fatalities of the war happened during the Baltimore Civil War Riots of Thursday/Friday, April 1819, 1861. as white Marylanders in the Confederate army. Spoiler alert:Washingtondidnt fall. [3] In all nine newspapers were shut down in Maryland by the federal government, and a dozen newspaper owners and editors like Howard were imprisoned without charges.[3]. Not every experience behind camp walls was the same, however. $199.99 + $17.99 shipping. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. Of the 11,764 Confederates who entered Alton Federal Prison, no fewer than 1,500 perished as result of various diseases and aliments. The 1860 Federal Census[7] showed there were nearly as many free blacks (83,942) as slaves (87,189) in Maryland, although the latter were much more dominant in southern counties. Civil War medicine is discussed in relation to medical education of that era and in relation to 19th century medicine before and after the War. WebJuly 4 First civilian death occurs in Harpers Ferry when businessman Frederick Roeder is shot by a Union soldier on Maryland Heights. Every purchase supports the mission. Camp Washington (2) - A U.S. Army Camp in Maryland (1880s). Some soldiers fared better in terms of shelter, clothing, rations, and overall treatment by their captors. WebThe Southern Maryland Civil War Round Table is pleased to announce that its next Another was the 4th United States Colored Troops, whose Sergeant Major, Christian Fleetwood was awarded the Medal of Honor for rallying the regiment and saving its colors in the successful assault on New Market Heights.[54]. No wooden structures were furnished for the prisoners at Belle Isle. Life in a CCC Camp Civil War era Rare Officer's Traveling Inkwell with Gonzlez, Felipe, Guillermo Marshall, and Suresh Naidu. Confederate forces under Lt. Gen. Jubal A. 18,000 Confederates were incarcerated there by the end of the war. In this case U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice, and native Marylander, Roger B. Taney, acting as a federal circuit court judge, ruled that the arrest of Merryman was unconstitutional without Congressional authorization, which Lincoln could not then secure: The President, under the Constitution and laws of the United States, cannot suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, nor authorize any military officer to do so. Headings - Maryland--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Maps - Maryland Campaign, 1862--Maps - United States--Maryland Notes This is a PowerPoint presentation. Stuarts Wild Ride Through Montgomery CountySpeaker: Robert Plumb. The song's lyrics urged Marylanders to "spurn the Northern scum" and "burst the tyrant's chain" in other words, to secede from the Union. The document, which replaced the Maryland Constitution of 1851, was largely advocated by Unionists who had secured control of the state, and was framed by a Convention which met at Annapolis in April 1864. History WebThe Civil War Camps at Muddy Branch and the Outpost Camp and Blockhouse at The single bloodiest day of combat in American military history occurred during the first major Confederate invasion of the North in the Maryland Campaign, just north above the Potomac River near Sharpsburg in Washington County, at the Battle of Antietam on September 17, 1862. [74] Article 24 of the constitution at last outlawed the practice of slavery. ", Cannon, Jessica Ann. While it emancipated the state's slaves, it did not mean equality for them, in part because the franchise continued to be restricted to white males. A Field Guide to Civil War Statues in WashingtonSpeaker: James H. Johnston. The very nomination of Abraham Lincoln, four years ago, spoke plainly war upon Southern rights and institutions And looking upon African Slavery from the same stand-point held by the noble framers of our constitution, I for one, have ever considered it one of the greatest blessings (both for themselves and us,) that God has ever bestowed upon a favored nation I have also studied hard to discover upon what grounds the right of a State to secede has been denied, when our very name, United States, and the Declaration of Independence, both provide for secession.[80]. War produced a legacy of bitter resentment in politics, with the Democrats being identified with "treason and rebellion", a point much pressed home by their opponents. [8] Butler fortified his position and trained his guns upon the city, threatening its destruction. McCausland had the city burned down. [70] The harshness of conditions at Point Lookout, and in particular whether such conditions formed part of a deliberate policy of "vindictive directives" from Washington, is a matter of some debate. [25] Butler then sent a letter to the commander of Fort McHenry: I have taken possession of Baltimore. "The Lincoln Administration and Freedom of the Press in Civil War Maryland." Yes No An official form of the United States government. "Teaching American History in Maryland Documents for the Classroom: Maryland, A Middle Temperament: 16341980, Inside Lincoln's White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay, "History of the Federal Judiciary: Circuit Court of the District of Columbia: Legislative History", "Suspension of Civil Liberties in Maryland", "Abraham Lincoln and Treason in the Civil War: The Trials of John Merryman", "Why do people believe myths about the Confederacy? There was much less appetite for secession than elsewhere in the Southern States (South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Alabama Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, Tennessee) or in the border states (Kentucky and Missouri),[2] but Maryland was equally unsympathetic towards the potentially abolitionist position of Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln. Duncan, Richard Ray. Belle Isle operated from 1862 to 1865. The use of triage, general anesthesia, and pain management will be discussed. While some historians contend that the deaths were chiefly the result of deliberate action/inaction on the part of Captain Wirz, others posit that they were the result of disease promoted by severe overcrowding. Archaeological work is continuing on the only blockhouse now located on county park land at Blockhouse Point. Major William Goldsborough, whose memoir The Maryland Line in the Confederate Army chronicled the story of the rebel Marylanders, wrote of the battle: nearly all recognized old friends and acquaintances, whom they greeted cordially, and divided with them the rations which had just changed hands. Similarly, Robert Beecham, in his memoir, As If It Were Glory, Lanham, Maryland, 1998, p. 166, says of the 23rd U.S.C.T. This PowerPoint presentation covers both the Civil War history of the camps at Muddy Branch and the history and archaeology of its outpost blockhouse and camp located within, Dr. Edward Stonestreet of Rockville served as Montgomery County Examining Surgeon in 1862, performing physical examinations on local Union Army recruits and draftees. civil War original matches. By December of that year, more than 9,000 were imprisoned. as the first southern city occupied by the Union Army. Web1 Antietam National Battlefield 2 Monocacy National Battlefield 3 National Museum of [9], After John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859, many citizens began forming local militias, determined to prevent a future slave uprising. Also known as Point Lookout Camp and Lookout Point Camp . WebThirty pen and ink maps of the Maryland Campaign, 1862 : drawn from descriptive readings and map fragments Names Russell, Robert E. L. Created / Published Baltimore : Robert E. Lee Russell, 1932. Stuarts actions proved a catastrophe for the Confederacy because he should have been with Robert E. Lees army in Pennsylvania. The Odyssey of a Civil War Soldier Speaker: Robert Plumb. [76] Other witnesses including Booth himself claimed that he only yelled "Sic semper! 228-259 listing more than 300 men born in Maryland. Salisbury University, 1991). or "The South shall be free!" [86] Democrats therefore re-branded themselves the "Democratic Conservative Party", and Republicans called themselves the "Union" party, in an attempt to distance themselves from their most radical elements during the war. While other men born in Maryland may have served in other Confederate formations, the same is true of units in the service of the United States. His neighbors are so bitter against him that he dare not go home, and he committed himself so decidedly on the 19th April and is known to be so decided a Southerner, that it more than likely he would be thrown into a Fort. [12] Chaos ensued as a giant brawl began between fleeing soldiers, the violent mob, and the Baltimore police who tried to suppress the violence. Jubal Earlys Attack on WashingtonSpeaker: James H. Johnston. WebThe first Union Army "parole camp" for exchanged Northern prisoners of war, was The order came again from Lincoln's Secretary of State Seward. The Aftermath of Battle; All the Fighting They [3][32] One of those arrested was militia captain John Merryman, who was held without trial in defiance of a writ of habeas corpus on May 25, sparking the case of Ex parte Merryman, heard just 2 days later on May 27 and 28. Situated on a 54-acre island within the James River, a stone's throw away from the Confederate capital of Richmond, Belle Isle received the ire of Northern politicians and poets alike. When the writ was delivered to General Andrew Porter Provost Marshal of the District of Columbia he had both the lawyer delivering the writ and the United States Circuit Judge, Marylander William Matthew Merrick, who issued the writ, arrested to prevent them from proceeding in the case United States ex rel. The Underground Railroad Movement: Riding the Freedom Train Reenactor: Candace Ridington. WebThe Civil War Museum (currently closed) Schoolhouse Ridge Trails The 1862 Battle of Harpers Ferry Museum Maryland Heights Trail Bolivar Heights Trail Murphy-Chambers Farm Trail Last updated: July 24, 2019 Was this page helpful? A follow up guided tour of the blockhouse and outpost campsite can also be arranged. Camp Washington (4) - A Union U.S. Civil War Camp in Kentucky (1861). It did not affect Maryland. The rebellious States are to be brought back to their places in the Union, without change or diminution of their constitutional rights.[73]. They remembered themselves in monuments through their generals. Whether this was due to local sympathy with the Union cause or the generally ragged state of the Confederate army, many of whom had no shoes, is not clear. [28] By May 21 there was no need to send further troops. [23] At this time the legislature seems to have wanted to avoid involvement in a war against its southern neighbors.[24]. They were filthy in the extreme, covered in verminnearly all were extremely emaciated; so much so that they had to be cared for even like infants.". WebCivil War Black Wilderness Trapper Stereoview Hunting Musket Powder Horn Rare + $10.75 shipping. J.E.B. [75] The Marylanders serving in the Union Army were overwhelmingly in favor of the new Constitution, supporting ratification by a margin of 2,633 to 263.[75]. For a time it looked as if Maryland was one provocation away from joining the rebels, but Lincoln moved swiftly to defuse the situation, promising that the troops were needed purely to defend Washington, not to attack the South. William Penn was the largest Civil War camp for the training of officers to lead African American troops. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. Baltimore boasted a monument to Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson[81] until they were taken down on August 16, 2017. South Overcrowding brutalized camp conditions in many ways. George P. McClelland served with the 155th Pennsylvania Infantry, Army of the Potomac, from August 1862 to his discharge in June 1865. During the early summer of 1861, several thousand Marylanders crossed the Potomac to join the Confederate Army. As a result, the Rebels spent their winters shivering in biting cold and their summers in sweltering, pathogen-laden heat. Visitors marvel at the courage of Stuart and his men to cross the mile-wide river, filled with rocks, rapids, and whirlpools. Limited rations, consisting of cornmeal, beef and/or bacon, resulted in extreme Vitamin-C deficiencies which often times led to deadly cases of scurvy. This history of the 1st U.S.C.T., credited to the District of Columbia contains roster on pp. Between 1861 and 1865, some 29 Union regiments from 13 states stationed at Muddy Branch guarded the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Potomac River crossings in the general area between Seneca and Pennyfield Locks. The Confederate General A. P. Hill described, the most terrible slaughter that this war has yet witnessed. Meanwhile, General Winfield Scott, who was in charge of military operations in Maryland indicated in correspondence with the head of Pennsylvania troops that the route through Baltimore would resume once sufficient troops were available to secure Baltimore.[17]. Union Army Surgeon Dr. Edward Stonestreet & His Civil War Hospital in RockvilleSpeaker: Clarence Hickey. Salisbury marks a prime example of the effects that overcrowding had on prison populations, especially given the stark contrast in its camp death rate. [62] The order indicated that Lee had divided his army and dispersed portions geographically (to Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, and Hagerstown, Maryland), thus making each subject to isolation and defeat in detail - if McClellan could move quickly enough. Update, June 15 at 2:00 p.m.: The Maryland State House Trust has voted to remove a plaque in Maryland's Capitol building honoring the Civil War's Union and Confederate soldiers. In some instances, however, simple error and ignorance devolved into treachery and malicious intent, culminating in tragic losses of human life. Camp Douglas originally served as a training facility for Illinois regiments, but was later converted to a prison camp. The Better Angels: Five women who changed and were changed by the American Civil WarSpeaker: Robert Plumb. [citation needed], Thousands of Union troops were stationed in Charles County, and the Federal Government established a large, unsheltered prison camp at Point Lookout at Maryland's southern tip in St. Mary's County between the Potomac River and the Chesapeake Bay, where thousands of Confederates were kept, often in harsh conditions. WebThe Battle of Monocacy (also known as Monocacy Junction) was fought on July 9, 1864, about 6 miles (9.7 km) from Frederick, Maryland, as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864 during the American Civil War. Most of the men enlisted into regiments from Virginia or the Carolinas, but six companies of Marylanders formed at Harpers Ferry into the Maryland Battalion. Because Maryland's sympathies were divided, many Marylanders would fight one another during the conflict. The hospital staff is known to have assisted with the escape of several Maryland slaves while United States Colored Troops served as guards at the prison camp. The destruction was accomplished the next day. [citation needed], The first bloodshed of the Civil War occurred in Maryland. To serve as early warning stations on bluffs overlooking the Potomac, Union troops built a series of blockhouses. When prisoner exchanges were suspended in 1864, prison camps grew larger and more numerous. Point Lookout, Union POW camp for Confederate soldiers, was established after the Battle of Gettysburg and was open from August 1863 to June 1865. This presentation, based on the speakers 2009 book, 2023 Montgomery County History Conference, African American History in Montgomery County, Stonestreet Museum of 19th Century Medicine. Maryland exile George H. Steuart, leading the 2nd Maryland Infantry regiment, is said to have jumped down from his horse, kissed his native soil and stood on his head in jubilation. "Southern sympathies: The Civil War on Maryland's eastern shore" (Thesis. The speaker brings a doctors bag from 1885 containing example medical instruments of the Civil War and the 1800s for show and tell. In 1864, elements of the warring armies again met in Maryland, although this time the scope and size of the battle was much smaller. Congressman Henry May (D-Maryland) was imprisoned without charge and without recourse to habeas corpus in Fort Lafayette. Archaeological Investigations Harris states that Lincoln may or may not have been aware of this communication. However, as the war progressed, the conditions at Salisbury plummeted. [35] Two of the publishers selling his book were then arrested. Because our textbooks and monuments are wrong. An honor system was set up where each side would take care of housing its own soldiers who had been designated as being on parole, meaning they would not fight in combat unless they were formally exchanged. A similar disregard for human life developed at Camp Douglas, also known as the Andersonville of the North." WebColonial Wars Pequot War French & Iroquois Wars King Philip's War Pueblo Rebellion Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. Mayor George William Brown and Maryland Governor Thomas Hicks implored President Lincoln to reroute troops around Baltimore city and through Annapolis to avoid further confrontations. Real and reproduction Civil War-era medical instruments will be shown and used, along with a variety of Civil War-era bullets, Minie balls, grape shot, buck shot, clusters, and other slugs (all inert, safe, and with no gun powder) that created many of the battlefield wounds that the surgeons had to treat. Camp Washington (4) - A Union U.S. Civil War Camp in Kentucky (1861). To serve as early warning stations on bluffs overlooking the Potomac, Union troops built a series of blockhouses. Myths and Truths: Civil War Battlefield Medical Care of the Wounded Speaker: Clarence Hickey. The federal troops executing Judge Carmichael's arrest beat him unconscious in his courthouse while his court was in session, before dragging him out, initiating a public controversy. In recent years, America has commemorated valor by erecting monuments to entire wars, such as the World War II and the Vietnam Veterans Memorials. Questions? Sign up to receive the latest information on the American Battlefield Trust's efforts to blaze The Liberty Trail in South Carolina. Songs and Stories from the Blue and the Gray Speaker: Patrick Lacefield. WebCivil War camps on the "EASTERN SHORE" of MARYLAND. Civil War veterans did it differently. By October of 1864, the number of Union prisoners inside Salisbury swelled to more than 5,000 men, and within a few more months that number skyrocketed to more than 10,000. WebEmerging Civil War Series. Marylands POW Camps in World War II. Early defeated Union troops under Maj. Gen. Lew Wallace. By the time the Civil War ended, more 52,000 prisoners had passed through Point Lookout, with upwards of 4,000 succumbing to various illnesses brought on by overcrowding, bad sanitation, exposure, and soiled water. He was in charge of a temporary Army General Hospital in Rockville, treating the wounded after the Battle of Antietam (1862), and also treated the ill soldiers of the 6th Michigan Cavalry Regiment in Rockville (1863) prior to its heroic efforts during the Battle of Gettysburg. Subscribe to the American Battlefield Trust's quarterly email series of curated stories for the curious-minded sort! In that time, the number of men packing onto the tiny island grew to more than 30,000 men. It is located along the coast of Maryland only five feet above sea level, on approximately 30 acres of level land. [45], The 1st Maryland Infantry Regiment was officially formed on June 16, 1861, and, on June 25, two additional companies joined the regiment in Winchester. After the war, numerous Union soldiers noted the poor, hastily prepared shelters in the camp, the lack of food, and the high death rate. [85] Maryland has three chapters of the Sons of Confederate Veterans. Visit the battlefields & sites of Antietam, Gettysburg, Monocacy, South Mountain, Harpers Ferry, Baltimore & Washington, DC. [68] Quartermaster John Howard recalled that Steuart performed "seventeen double somersaults" all the while whistling Maryland, My Maryland. The singular actions of Clara Barton, Julia Ward Howe, Sarah Josepha Hale, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Harriet Tubman led to their prominence during the war, and launched them into successful public roles following the conflict. However, across the state, sympathies were mixed. All Rights Reserved. The nature of the deaths and the reasons for them are a continuing source of controversy. WebConfederate prisoners of war who secured their release from prison by enlisting in the Union Army, were recruited: Alton, Illinois (rolls 1320); Camp Douglas, Illinois (rolls 5364); Camp Morton, Illinois (rolls 99103); Point Lookout, Maryland (rolls 111129); and Rock Island, Illinois (rolls 131135.) Monocacy was a tactical victory for the Confederate States Army but a strategic defeat, as the one-day delay inflicted on the attacking Confederates cost rebel General Jubal Early his chance to capture the Union capital of Washington, D.C. Across the state, some 50,000 citizens signed up for the military, with most joining the United States Army. This is a common thread among camps over the course of the Civil War. Confederate forces under Lt. Gen. Jubal A. WebParole Camp Annapolis, Maryland, 1864. [58], Among the prisoners captured by William Goldsborough was his own brother Charles Goldsborough. "The social and economic impact of the Civil War on Maryland" (PhD dissertation, The Ohio State University, 1963) (ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1963.
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